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經(jīng)典高分文獻(xiàn)閱讀·術(shù)后疼痛和年齡:回顧性隊(duì)列關(guān)聯(lián)研究

經(jīng)典高分文獻(xiàn)閱讀·術(shù)后疼痛和年齡:回顧性隊(duì)列關(guān)聯(lián)研究

Postoperative Pain and Age: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study

術(shù)后疼痛和年齡:回顧性隊(duì)列關(guān)聯(lián)研究

#EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

√ Worldwide populations are aging, leading to larger numbers of elderly patients receiving surgery

√ Reports of associations between age and postoperative pain have been conflicting

我們已經(jīng)知道的關(guān)于這個(gè)話題

? 全球人口老齡化,導(dǎo)致接受手術(shù)的老年患者人數(shù)增加

? 關(guān)于年齡與術(shù)后疼痛之間關(guān)聯(lián)的報(bào)道相互矛盾

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

√  Data from the PAIN OUT registry involving more than 11,000 patients undergoing spinal surgery, joint replacement, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy were used in a retrospective cohort analysis

√   Pain reported postoperative day 1 declined slightly with age

ü Severe postoperative pain was prevalent regardless of age or surgical type

這篇文章告訴我們什么是新的

? 來自 PAIN OUT 登記的數(shù)據(jù)涉及超過 11,000 名接受脊柱手術(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)置換和腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)的患者,用于回顧性隊(duì)列分析

? 術(shù)后第1天報(bào)告的疼痛隨著年齡的增長而略有下降

? 無論年齡或手術(shù)類型如何,嚴(yán)重的術(shù)后疼痛普遍存在

ABSRACT

Background

As the population ages, the number of elderly people undergoing surgery increases. Literature on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in the elderly is conflicting. This study examines associations between age and pain-related patient reported outcomes and perioperative pain management in a dataset of surgical patients undergoing four common surgeries: spinal surgery, hip or knee replacement, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Based on the authors’ clinical experience, they hypothesize that pain scores are lower in older patients.

背景

隨著人口老齡化,接受手術(shù)的老年人數(shù)量增加。關(guān)于老年人術(shù)后疼痛發(fā)生率和強(qiáng)度的文獻(xiàn)存在矛盾。本研究在接受四種常見手術(shù)的外科患者數(shù)據(jù)集中檢查年齡和與疼痛相關(guān)的患者報(bào)告的結(jié)果和圍手術(shù)期疼痛管理之間的關(guān)聯(lián):脊柱手術(shù)、髖關(guān)節(jié)或膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)或腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)。根據(jù)作者的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn),他們假設(shè)老年患者的疼痛評(píng)分較低。

Methods

In this retrospective cohort, study data were collected between 2010 and 2018 as part of the international PAIN OUT program. Patients filled out the International Pain Outcomes Questionnaire on postoperative day 1.

方法

在這個(gè)回顧性隊(duì)列中,作為國際 PAIN OUT 計(jì)劃的一部分,在 2010 年至 2018 年間收集了研究數(shù)據(jù);颊咴谛g(shù)后第 1 天填寫了國際疼痛結(jié)果問卷。

Results

A total of 11,510 patients from 26 countries, 59% female, with a mean age of 62 yr, underwent one of the aforementioned types of surgery. Large variation was detected within each age group for worst pain, yet for each surgical procedure, mean scores decreased significantly with age (mean Numeric Rating Scale range, 6.3 to 7.3; β = –0.2 per decade; P ≤ 0.001), representing a decrease of 1.3 Numeric Rating Scale points across a lifespan. The interference of pain with activities in bed, sleep, breathing deeply or coughing, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety, helplessness, opioid administration on the ward, and wish for more pain treatment also decreases with age for two or more of the procedures. Across the procedures, patients reported being in severe pain on postoperative day one 26 to 38% of the time, and pain interfered moderately to severely with movement.

結(jié)果

來自 26 個(gè)國家的 11,510 名患者(59% 為女性,平均年齡為 62 歲)接受了上述類型的手術(shù)之一。在每個(gè)年齡組中檢測到最嚴(yán)重疼痛的差異很大,但對(duì)于每個(gè)外科手術(shù),平均分?jǐn)?shù)隨著年齡的增長而顯著下降(平均數(shù)字評(píng)定量表范圍,6.3 至 7.3;β = –0.2/每十年;P≤ 0.001),表示在整個(gè)生命周期中數(shù)字評(píng)分減少了 1.3 。疼痛對(duì)床上活動(dòng)、睡眠、深呼吸或咳嗽的干擾、惡心、嗜睡、焦慮、無助、病房服用阿片類藥物以及希望進(jìn)行更多的疼痛治療也隨著年齡的增長而減少。在整個(gè)手術(shù)過程中,患者報(bào)告在術(shù)后第一天有 26% 到 38% 的時(shí)間出現(xiàn)劇烈疼痛,并且疼痛會(huì)中度至重度影響運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Conclusions

The authors’ findings indicate that postoperative pain decreases with increasing age. The change is, however, small and of questionable clinical significance. Additionally, there are still too many patients, at any age, undergoing common surgeries who suffer from moderate to severe pain, which interferes with function, supporting the need for tailoring care to the individual patient.

結(jié)論

作者的研究結(jié)果表明,術(shù)后疼痛隨著年齡的增長而減輕。然而,這種變化很小,臨床意義值得懷疑。此外,仍然有太多的患者,在任何年齡,都在接受普通手術(shù),他們?cè)馐苤卸戎林囟忍弁,這會(huì)干擾功能,從而支持為個(gè)體患者量身定制護(hù)理的需要。

部分結(jié)果解讀:

該研究最后共納入11510例患者,其中3941例患者行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù),3691例患者行膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù),2894例患者行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù),984例患者行脊柱融合術(shù)。接受脊柱融合術(shù)的患者術(shù)后疼痛最嚴(yán)重,疼痛對(duì)于其在床上活動(dòng)、睡眠和下地活動(dòng)的干擾最明顯,患者對(duì)自身焦慮和無助感的評(píng)分也最高。腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)患者的術(shù)后疼痛評(píng)分在深呼吸或咳嗽時(shí)最高。

對(duì)于此研究的4種手術(shù)來說,最大疼痛評(píng)分隨年齡的增加而顯著降低,入院前已經(jīng)在使用阿片類藥物和女性患者的最嚴(yán)重疼痛評(píng)分較高。除髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)外,其余3種手術(shù)的患者若術(shù)前存在慢性疼痛,則疼痛評(píng)分較高。散點(diǎn)圖顯示,在腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)和膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者的最嚴(yán)重疼痛評(píng)分穩(wěn)定在70歲左右時(shí),所有4種手術(shù)類型的最嚴(yán)重疼痛評(píng)分均與年齡相關(guān)(圖 1)。

圖1:術(shù)后最差疼痛評(píng)分與年齡之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。

用于( A)脊柱手術(shù),(B)髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的女性(紅色)和男性(藍(lán)色)患者的最嚴(yán)重疼痛評(píng)分( y 軸)和年齡(x 軸)的數(shù)字評(píng)定量表以及局部估計(jì)的散點(diǎn)圖平滑, ( C ) 膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù),和 ( D ) 腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)。為了改善數(shù)據(jù)可視化,應(yīng)用了抖動(dòng)技術(shù)。

圖2:疼痛干擾與年齡之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。

(A和B )最差疼痛評(píng)分(紅色)和在床上移動(dòng)時(shí)疼痛(藍(lán)色;y 軸)和年齡(x 軸)的數(shù)字評(píng)定量表,局部估計(jì)散點(diǎn)圖平滑用于(A)膝關(guān)節(jié)置換和(B)腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)。( C ) 最差疼痛評(píng)分(紅色)和呼吸時(shí)疼痛(藍(lán)色;y 軸)和年齡(x 軸)的數(shù)字評(píng)定量表) 用局部估計(jì)的散點(diǎn)圖平滑處理腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)。為了改善數(shù)據(jù)可視化,應(yīng)用了抖動(dòng)技術(shù)

疼痛對(duì)術(shù)后床上活動(dòng)、睡眠、深呼吸或咳嗽、惡心、焦慮和無助感的干擾隨年齡增長而顯著降低。除了膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)外,其他手術(shù)類型的術(shù)后疼痛對(duì)床上活動(dòng)干擾的散點(diǎn)圖呈現(xiàn)了類似的隨年齡下降趨勢(圖2A、B)。此外,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)的最嚴(yán)重疼痛評(píng)分和呼吸疼痛也有類似的與年齡相關(guān)的下降(圖 2C)。相對(duì)于65歲以下年輕患者,≥65歲的老年患者術(shù)后阿片類藥物使用頻率更低,在非腹腔鏡下膽囊切除術(shù)后較少希望更多的疼痛治療。年齡對(duì)疼痛的影響是多因素的。隨著年齡增長,外周感覺通路傳導(dǎo)速度逐漸減慢,但臨床上觀察到老年患者的疼痛時(shí)間總和延長,對(duì)疼痛的抑制功能降低,增加了慢性疼痛的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。隨年齡變化的激素水平也影響疼痛,有研究提出更年期是報(bào)告疼痛評(píng)分最高最頻繁的時(shí)期。

       原文標(biāo)題 : 經(jīng)典高分文獻(xiàn)閱讀·術(shù)后疼痛和年齡:回顧性隊(duì)列關(guān)聯(lián)研究

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